Acid and water-proofed articles and method of making same



Patented Feb. 23, 1937.

UNITED STATES ACID AND' WATER-PROOFED- ARTICLES AND METHOD OFMAKING SAME George Schneider, Montclair, J assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application September 23, 1933 f Serial No. 690,767

8 Claims.

This invention relatesto acid and waterproof coated fabrics made of an organic derivative of cellulose. L

An object of the invention is the economical production of improved coated fabrics, formed of an organic derivative of cellulose, which are not attacked by ordinary acids, salts or bases and which are not tacky or adhesive and are water repellent.

Another object of the invention is the producand other like materials. By this invention there is produced fabric and articles which are resistant to V. M. P. naphtha, alcohol, Varnolene, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride, etc. Thus, articles or fabric made according to this invention will withstand dry-cleaning with any of the above solvents or combinations of the same.

Articles and fabric made accordingto this .invention are resistant to the acids ordinarily met with such as fruit acids, as the juice of oranges, lemons, grapefruit and the non-citrous fruits, salad dressings as mayonnaise or vinegar alone, mineral acids as battery and muriatic acid or acids of the skin in perspiration as formic acid 5 and numerous other acids. Said articles or fabric are also unafiected by mixtures of acids, sugars, ethers, etc. as found in fruit syrups, concentrated beverages, soda water beverages, alcoholic beverages and extracts, etc.

The coated organic derivative of cellulose fabric or article is unaffected by such reagents as 10% citric acid, 10% sulphuric acid, 10% hydrochloric acid, 10% phosphoric acid and other similar acids.

Fabrics and articles of an organic derivative of cellulose coated according to this invention are resistant to salt solutions such as sodium chloride, bromide, iodide or any of the alkali-halide salts or the salts of alkali and the sulphur or nitrogen acids. Said coated fabrics are also resistant to solutions of the alkali hydroxides or the hydroxides of heavier basic elements.

Fabrics or articles made according to this invention are non-tacky and do not peel on continued flexing. They are also pliable and do not break at creases, folds, edge of seams, etc. They are also sufficiently wear resistant that the coating remains intact. They are strong enough that the fabric does not pull out at the seams, hems, button holes, etc. This invention produces an exceptional non-tacky or non-adhesive fabric or 5- article, thus'eight layers of the said coated fabric, one layer on top of' the other may be subjected to the weight of one pound per square inch while maintained at a temperature of 105 F. for one week after which there appears no adhesion re- 10 sulting between the layers. The fabric or articles may be crumpled together either wet or dry and thrown aside in a warm closet without a tendency for the coating to adhere to itself or other objects and thus be pulled away from the fabric, be 15 decolored or marred.

. This invention is applicable to a fiat fabric which is either warp knitted, circular knitted, woven, braided, knotted or otherwise formed. It may be applied to articles that are shaped from 20 a knitted, woven, braided or otherwise formed piece of cloth by stretching, plasticizing, molding by the wet or dry methods or otherwise shaped. The invention is also applicable to articles made of any of the above types of fabric which have been cut and/or sewn or otherwise formed into articles such as r-aincoats, tobacco pouches, caps, umbrellas, overshoes, tents, covers for protecting articles from the weather and many other articles.

The basic fabric ormaterial may be formed from yarns of any organic derivative of cellulose such as the organic esters of cellulose and the organic ethers of cellulose. Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose proprionate and cellulose butyrate, while examples of organic ethers of cellulose are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and butyl cellulose.

The filaments used to form the fabrics or articles may be yarns, threads, assemblies or bundles of a number of continuous filaments, which may be in parallel relationship or which may be twisted together, artificial bristles, straws, short lengths or staple fibers or yarn spun from such staple fibers. The filaments or straws may be spun from a solution of the organic derivative of cellulose by either the wet or dry method or they may be cut from films and the like. The yarns or filaments may be asso- 50 ciated with other yarns, filaments or threads as cotton, wool, silk, etc. as effect materials, or other effect materials such as pigments, filling materials dyes, lakes and/or fire retardants such as beta chlornaphthalene, triphenyl phosphate or trycresyl phosphate either in the filaments, yarns, straws, etc. or as coatings of same.

The coating may be applied to the fabric before or after fashioning it to an article by applying it as a lacquer with thinners, volatile solvents, drying agents and like liquifying agents. It may be applied to the fabric or articles by spraying, brushing. flowing or by dipping the articles or fabric in the liquid coating. Also the coating may be applied as a paste, gum, or semi-solid by rollers, trowels, etc. Any of. the above methods may be accompanied by heat and/or pressure as passing the freshly covered fabric or article between heated rolls, hot presses, shaping molds, etc. or exposing the coated articlebrfabric to hot gases or inactive liquids.

The coating to be used on the fabric or articles 'made from an organic derivative of cellulose is an oxidized oil with or without thinners, plasticizers, fillers, pigments, etc. The oxidized oil may be derived from tung (China-Wood) soya-bean, flaxseed, poppy-seed or a mixture of such drying or semi-drying oils. The oxidized oils may be softened or plasticized with an unoxidized oil or nondrying oil such as olive or castor oil. The coatings consisting of substantially a drying oil and a semi-drying oil are usually transparent and when applied to a fine filament fabric of an organic derivative of cellulose they form a transparent proofed fabric. These fabrics may be colored by dyeing the fabric before applying the coating and/or adding a tint to the coating material, resulting in colored transparent fabrics proofed against Water, dampness and the chemical agents usually met with in connection with wearing apparel. The transparence of the fabric may be reduced by employing a more covering fabric as a base and/or by adding to the coating, fillers such as finely ground metal or their oxides or by adding to the coating pigments. Mottled, designed, figured or checked appearance may. be obtained by applying a transparent coating over mottled, designed, figured or checked fabric or differently colored and/or filled coatings may be applied to a fabric by spraying or brushing in patches, or the coating may be applied with printing and embossing rolls and like devices.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is merely given by way of illustration and many alterations may be made I therein without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A proofed fabric substantially impervious to liquids and to the action of. chemicals, comprising filaments of organic derivatives of cellulose and having a substantially permanent coating of an oxidized oil and a non-drying oil thereon.

2. A proofed fabric substantially impervious to liquids and to the action of chemicals, comprising filaments of cellulose acetate and having a substantially permanent coating of an oxidized oil and a non-drying oil thereon.

3. Process for the production of proofed fabrics, which comprises forming a permanent water-proof coating on fabrics containing yarns of organic derivatives of cellulose by coating said fabricswith a composition containing an oxidized oil and a non-drying oil and allowing the coating to set on the fabric.

4. Process for the production of. proofed fabrics, which comprises forming a permanent water-proof coating on fabrics containing yarns of cellulose acetate by coating said fabrics with a composition containing an oxidized oil and a non-drying oil and allowing the coating to set on the fabric.

5. Process for the production of proofed fabrics, which comprises forming a permanent water-proof coating on fabrics containing yarns of organic derivatives of cellulose by coating said fabrics with a composition containing an oxidized oil, a non-drying oil and a coloring matter and allowing the coating to set on the fabric.

6. Processfor the production of proofed fabrics, which comprises forming a permanent water-proof coating on fabrics containing yarns of cellulose acetate by coating said fabrics with a composition containing an oxidized oil, a nondrying oil and a coloring matter and allowing the coating to set on the fabric.

'7. Process for the production of proofed fabrics, which comprises forming a permanent water-proof coating on fabrics containing yarns of organic derivatives of cellulose by coating said fabrics with a composition containing an oxidized oil and a non-drying oil and causing the coating to set on the fabric by heat.

8. Process for the production of proofed fabrics, which comprises forming a permanent water-proof coating on fabrics containing yarns of organic derivatives of cellulose by coating said fabrics with a composition containing an oxidized oil and a non-drying oil and causing the coating to set on the fabric by heat and pressure.

GEORGE SCHNEIDER. 

